初中英语动词优选时态归纳总结计划对照表

用 法

一 1. 现在的状态

2. 经常性或习现 惯性的动作

3. 主语具备的时 性格或能力

一 1. 过去某时发



动词形式 ( 以 do 为例 )

常 用 时 间 状 语

in the morning/afternoon/

morning

is twelve.

I/We/You/They do...

every day/morning/Sunday

get up at 6:30 every day.

He/She/It does...

on Sunday

likes swimming.

always

usually

often

sometimes

生的动作或存

在的状态

过去经常或

反复发生的动时 作

一 1. 将来某时间要发生的动或

存在的状态

将来经常或

反复发生的时 动作

在 现在或当前一段时间内正在

进行或发生的

动作

去 过去某一时刻进 或某一段正在行 进行的动作

过去发生或

已经完成的某完 一动作对现在成 造成的影响或

I/We did... yesterday(morning/afternoon)

You did... last night/Sunday in 1990

He/She/It did... two days ago always

They did... usually often sometimes

I shall do...

I'm going to do...

We/You/They/He/She/ It

tomorrow (morning/afternoon/

will do...

evening)

We/You/They are going

next year/month/week

to do...

He/She/It is going to

do...

I'm doing...

He/She/It is doing...

now

We/You/They are doing

...

I/He/She/It was doing this time yesterday

... at ten o'clock yesterday

We/You/They were doing at that time

.... when he came back

already just before

He/She/It has done...

ever

We/You/They have done

for three years

...

since 1990



got up at 6:30 yesterday.

always went to work by bus last year.

will go to my home town next week.

'll come to see you every Sunday.

'm going to swim tomorrow afternoon.

is watering the flowers.

they working now?

are listening to the

teacher.

were reading in class this time yesterday

was drawing a picture when the teacher

came in.

've already posted the letter.

have known each other for ten years.

果 this morning

2. 表示 去已 these days

开始并持

到 在的 作

或状



lived here since 1997.

you ever been to Beijing?

去 去某一 完 前已 后的成 作或状

在以前的一

段 里一直完 行的 作 , 成 个运作可能仍在 行 , 也

可能 行

下去



by the end of ?

I/We/You/He/She/It had

when+一般 去

done.

before+ 一般 去

I/We/You/They have been

doing ?. since nine o ’clock

He/She/It has been for five hours

doing ?.



had learned 2000 words by the

end of last term.

I got out,the bus had already

left.

have been skating for five

hours.

has been skating since nine

o’clock..

初中英语时态专项练习

1、 一般现在时。

通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes ”。

一般现在时基本用法介绍

一、一般现在时的功能

1.

表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:

The sky is blue.

天空是蓝色的。

2.

表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:

I get up at six every day.

我每天六点起床。

3.

表示客观现实。如:

The earth goes around the sun.

地球绕着太阳转。

二、一般现在时的构成

:

肯定句 :

1). 主语 +系动词 be(is, am, are )+

名词(形容词,介词短语)

2). 其他主语 +动词原形 +其它

第三人称单数 +动词 -s+ 其它

如: I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。

We study English. 我们学习英语。 Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。

三、一般现在时的变化

否定句:



1) 主



+ be



( is,am,are



) + not +



其它。



如: He is not a worker.



他不是工

人。

2) 其他主 +do not(don ’t) 原形 +其它

第三人称 数 +does not(doesn ’t) 原形

一般疑 句: 1)Be( Is,Are ) + 主 +其它 ?



I don't like bread

+其它 He doesn't often play.

如: -Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.

2)Do 其他主 + 原形 +其它?

Does+第三人称 数 + 原形 +其它 +?

注意:遇 I/we — you, my — your, some —any.

Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.

Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

特殊疑 句: 疑 +一般疑 句。如: Where is my bike?

How does your father go to work?

2、 在 行 。

通常用“ now/look/listen ”.

1. 在 行 表示 在正在 行或 生的 作,也可表示当前一段 内的活 或 段正在 行的 作。

2. 在 行 的 构:

肯定句 : 主 +be( is,am,are ) + 在分 -ing

eg: I am(not) doing my homework.

You/We/They are(not) reading.

He/She/It is(not) eating.

否定句: 主 +be( is,am,are ) +not + 在分 -ing

一般疑 句: Is(Are)+ 主 + 在分 -ing ?

特殊疑 : 疑 + be + 主 + ing?

加 ing 的 化

一般情况下,直接加 ing ,如: cook-cooking

以不 音的 e 尾,去 e 加 ing ,如: make-making, taste-tasting

3) 如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个 音字母,双写末尾的 音字母,再加



ing ,

如: run-running, stop-stopping,swim



— swimming

3、



一般 去

一般 去 通常用



“a moment ago, just now, yesterday, last



?”等。

1.一般 去 表示 去某个 生的 作或存在的状 ,常和表示 去的 状 用。一般 去 也表示 去 常或反复 生的 作感 。

2.Be 在一般 去 中的 化:

⑴ am 和 is 在一般 去 中 was。( was not=wasn’t )

are 在一般 去 中 were。( were not=weren ’t )

⑶ 有 was 或 were 的句子,其否定、疑 的 化和

后加 not ,一般疑 句把 was 或 were 到句首。



is, am, are



一 ,即否定句在



was 或



were

3. 行 的一般 去 化

肯定句( Positive



) 去式



I went shopping last night.

否定句 (Negative)



didn ’



t +



原形



I didn



’t go shopping last night.

一般疑 句



(Yes/No)



Did



?+



原形



Did you go shopping last night?

特殊疑 句



(wh-)



What did



?+



原形



What did you do last night?

4. 去式的 化:

的 化:

一般

+ed

planted,watered,climbed

以不 音的 e

+d

liked

音字母加 y 尾

-y+ ied

study — studied, cry- cried

重 音 ,末尾只有一个 音字母

双写最后一个字

stop – stopped

母 +ed

plan - planned

不 的 化:

原形

去式

原形

去式

原形

去式

原形

去式

sweep

swept

teach

taught

have

had

go

went

keep

kept

think

thought

do

did

find

found

sleep

slept

buy

bought

eat

ate

say

said

feel

felt

drink

drank

is/am

was

take

took

read

read

give

gave

are

were

mean

meant

put

put

sing

sang

drive

drove

meet

met

cut

cut

begin

began

speak

spoke

make

made

let

let

ring

rang

write

wrote

see

saw

fly

flew

run

ran

ride

rode

come

came

draw

drew

sit

sat

hear

heard

tell

told

grow

grew

learn

learned/ learnt

get

got

know

knew

5. 特殊疑 句:

⑴疑 +did+ 主 + 原形?如:

What did Jim do yesterday?

⑵疑 当主 :疑

+ 去式?如: Who went to home yesterday?

4、一般将来

概念:表示将要 生的 作或存在的状 及打算、

划或准 做某事。

  句中一般有以下 状 :

tomorrow, next day(week, month, year

?),soon, the day after tomorrow

(后天)等。

1.

基本 构 :①主 +be (is,am,are)going to +

原形 .

②主 +will+ 原形 .

2.

否定句: ①主 +be (is,am,are)+not +going to +

原形 .

②主 +will +not(won ’t)+ 原形 .

例如: I ’m going to have a picnic this afternoon. → I ’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.

3. 一般疑 句: ①Is(Are)+ 主 +going to + 原形 .+?

Will+ 主 + 原形 +?

例: We are going to go on an outing this weekend.

→ Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? Yes,we are. No, we aren ’t.

Will he go to Beijing next week? Yes,he will. No,he won’t.

划 部分提 。一般情况,一般将来 的 划 部分有三种情况。

1).

人。

 Who 例如: I ’m going to New York soon.→Who’s going to New York soon.

2).

干什么。

 What ? do. 例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.

What is y our father going to do with you this afternoon.

3). 什么 候。 When.例如: She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to

bed?

5. 同 句: be going to = will



I am going to go swimming tomorrow



(明天)



. = I will

go swimming tomorrow.

5. 去 行 :

肯定句: 主 +助 be (was,were)+ 在分 -ing+ 其它

否定句: 主 +助 be (was,were)+not+ 在分 -ing+

一般疑 句: Was(Were)+主 + 在分 -ing+ 其它?

特殊疑 句: 疑 +was(were)+ 在分 -ing+ 其它 ?



其它

用法 :

1、 表示在 去某一 正在 行的 作, 往往有表示 去的 状 then,

time yesterday 等,或与 去 生的某事同 生的 作(即与 when, while



at that time, this

引出的 状

从句 用)。

例: They were talking about a film at six yesterday evening.



昨晚



6 点他 正在 一

部 影。

What were you doing at this time last week? When the teacher came in, they were talking.



上周的 个 候你在干什么?

老 来 ,他 在 。

2、 表示在 去某一段 内 行的 作。

例: They were swimming from two to three yesterday afternoon.



昨天下午



2 点到



3 点他

在游泳。

She was watching TV the whole morning.



她整个上午在看 。

3、 表示过去将要发生的动作。

例: He said he was leaving on Tuesday.

Tom said he was going tomorrow.



他说他周二动身。

汤姆说他明天去。

4、 用过去进行时描写故事背景。

例: It was getting dark. The wind was rising. 天渐渐黑了下来,风势增强了。

The procession was going. He was standing among the crowd looking on.



队伍在前

进。他站在人群中观看。

6. 现在完成时

构成: 肯定句 :主语 +助动词 have( has )+动词过去分词 -ed

否定句: 主语 +助动词 have (has)+not(haven ’t,hasn ’t)+ 动词过去分词 -ed

一般疑问句: Have(Has)+ 主语 +动词过去分词 -ed+ ?

特殊疑问句: 疑问词 +have(has)+ 主语 +动词过去分词 -ed+ ?

用法:

1、 表示说话之前已完成的动作,而且这个动作的结果对现在是情况仍有影响。常被

just,already,yet 等副词修饰。

Mr. Wang has just come back from America.



王先生刚从美国回来。

2.现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在,常带有



for





since



等表示一段

时间的状语。

如: Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.

现在完成时瞬间动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。常见终止性动词与延续性动词 ( 或状态动词 ) 的对应关系如下 : come / go / arrive / get / reach / move--- be in/at

open ---

be open

die --- be

dead

close ---

be closed

become

---be

borrow

--- keep

put on --- wear

buy ---

have

leave -----

be away (from)

begin / start -----

be on

fall asleep ----

be asleep

end/finish -----

be over

catch a cold -----

have a cold

join the army ----

be in the army,

be a soldier

join the Party----

be in the Party , be a Party member

例:吉姆买这支已有两年了。

Jim bought this pen two years ago.

Jim has had this pen for two years.

Jim has had this pen since two years ago.

Jim has had this pen since 2007

It is two years since Jim bought this pen.

在表示“最近几世 / 年 / 月以来” 状 中, 用 在完成 。

in the past few years/months/weeks/days; over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history



5. 表示“第几次做某事,”或在



“It



is



the best



(worst,



most interesting



) +名 +that



后面跟 在完成 。

例: This is my first time that I have visited China.

This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.

That is the only book that he has written.

have / has been to + 地点 意 “曾去 某地”,暗含目前已不在 地, 表示当事人的一种 而已。

have / has gone to + 地点 “到了某地去了”,暗含“已离开原地去了某地”之意,但是否到

达了某地尚不确定。

如: He has gone to Shanghai.

He has been to Shanghai.



他去了上海。

他去 了上海。

7. 在完成 行

表示一个 作从 去某 开始,延 或重复地出 至今,或将 延 至将来。。常与表示一

段 的状 ,如: for two hours,since early morning,these few days 等 用。

构成:

肯定句: 主 +助 have(has)+been+ 在分 -ing

否定句: 主 +助 have(has)+not+been+ 在分 -ing

一般疑 句: Have(Has)+ 主 + been+ 在分 -ing+?

特殊疑 句: 疑



+ have(has)+



主 + been+ 在分



-ing+?

例: It has been raining for three hours.

We have been waiting here since an hour ago.

How long has it been raining? 雨下多久了?

She has been sitting there for more than 2 hours.

We’ve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.

He has been telephoning me several times in two days.



他已 在那坐了两个小 了。

最近我 常 面。

两天他打好几次 我。

注意事 : 与 在完成 相比, 在完成 行 更 :

一直持 或一直反复出 。



在从 去到 在的 里, 作或状

去完成 构成:

肯定句: 主 +助 had + 去分 -ed+ 其它

否定句: 主 +助 had +not(hadn ’t)+ 去分 -ed+ 其它

一般疑 句 ; Had+主 + 去分 -ed+ 其它 +?

特殊疑 句: 疑 +had + 主 + 去分 -ed+ 其它 +?

例: There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.

By the end of last term we had finished the book.

They finished earlier than we had expected.

用法:

1、 表示在 去某一 或 作之前已完成或延 到某一 去 的 作或状 , 即“ 去的

去“。

 一 作可以是一直持 到 去 一 刻或将 下去。 个 去的 常用 by,before

after, )等介 短 或一个 状 从句表示,也可以用一个表示 去的 作或上下文来表示。

例: The train had left before she got to the station. 在她到 站以前,火 已开走了。

We had learned about 500 English words by the end of mine. 到上个月 止,我

已 学了 500 个英文 。

Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天

去世了,他曾是我的一位好友。

2、 用于以 when, as soon as, as ?as, before, afte r, until, now that 引 的状 从

句中或一些 从句中以表示 作 生的 早于主句所表示的 作, 可表示原因、 作先后等

关系。如:

例: After I had finished my homework, I watched TV last night.

We took a taxi home, as the last bus already gone.



(表 先后)

由于最后一班公 已开走,

所以,我 就乘出租 回家。(表原因)

He got to the airport and suddenly realized that he had forgotten to bring his

ticket. 他赶到机 突然意 到他忘了 机票。

3、 用在一般 去 之后的 接引 中。

He told me that he had been seen the film the day before. 他跟我 他前一天看 那个

影了。

注意: 去完成 的句子中, 止性 不能与一段 用, 而状 的 去完成 必 和一段 用。如:

He had already died. 他已 死了。

He had been dead for an hour. 他已 死了一个小 了。